Validation of model schematisation 3D Veerse Meer on 2024 monitoring campaign

Veerse Meer shows declining water quality, including low oxygen, fish mortality, exotic species, and benthic degradation. This study validates the 3D hydrodynamic–water quality model using 2024 monitoring and high‑resolution field data. The model reproduces temperature, salinity, stratification, nutrients, chlorophyll‑a, and oxygen dynamics. Overall, it is suitable for ecological assessment and scenario analysis, with recommendations for further improvement