It will develop a system to enable water managers to design cost-effective restoration programmes for freshwater ecosystems at the local and catchment scales that account for the expected future impacts of climate change and land-use change in the context of the WFD and Habitats Directive.

REFRESH will advance our fundamental and applied science in 5 key areas:

  1. understanding how the functioning of freshwater ecosystems is affected by climate change;
  2. new indicators of functional response and tools for assessing vulnerability;
  3. modelling ecological processes;
  4. integrated modelling; and
  5. adaptive management.

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