Modelling multi-use within selected OWF of the Dutch North Sea

This study provides the first assessment of bottom-up cumulative effects of multi-use within offshore wind farms in the Dutch North Sea, focusing on seaweed aquaculture, mussel aquaculture, and offshore floating photovoltaic deployments. Three scenarios were developed: a current scenario deploying multi-use within three OWFs (Borssele, Hollandse Kust Zuid, and Hollandse Kust Noord) using available aerial passports as guidance, and two tendered scenarios deploying multi-use within six OWFs from the Routekaart Windenergie op zee 21GW plan without predefined spatial allocations. These scenarios allow comparison between discrete small-scale deployments and lumped large-scale deployments.